Weaving



G. KOCH.

wEAvING 0F PILE FABRICS'.

APPLICATION'YILED NOV. 3. 1920. lelsslufd Aug'. 30. 1921. 15 ,184.

3 SHEElS-SHEET I.

WITNESS.- /lwEA/Ton` ATTORNEY G. KOCH.

WEAVING 0F PILE FABRICS.

APPLICATION FILED Nov. 3, 1320,

Reissncd Aug.y 30, 1921.

Koch,

Qeor e s G. KUCH.

WEAVING-OF PILE FABRICS.

n 'APPLICAUUN FILED Nov. 3, 1920. lflssuvd .\ll;'. 30, 1921. 15,184.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

WITNESS: LNVENTOR| said sheds.

4to coact with some. o

4UNITI-:D STATES PATENT oFFici-z.

GEORG KOCH, 0F DARMSTADT, GERMANY, SSIGNOBTO CADGENE AND BERG, BOTH 0l'PATEBSON, NEW JERSEY. Y I

WEAV'ING 0F reimiemled llvember 3,

To all wlwm it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORG K001i, a citi zen of Germany, residing atDarmstadt, State of Hessen, Germany, have invented certain-new anduseful Improvements in the Weaving of Pile Fabrics, of which thefollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to pile weaving and particularly to a kind ofpile weavin heretofore ,roposed in which attenuat weft sup ortmgfilamencs'having free ends projecting in the direction of advance of thewarp as the weaving proceeds are adapted the .threads of the warptoformv sheds in addition to the ground sheds which are formed of thewarp threads themselves, said -sheds being adapted to receive fillingwhich when beaten up will, by bein supported by the said filaments,cause p1 e loops to be formed in the warp threads coacting with saidfilaments to form One ofV the principal objects of the invention is toform a fabric by this kind of ile weaving which shall very. tight and)com act and hence very sturdy and durable. i nother object is to providea method in 4this kind of weaving whereby two fabrics ma be woven at thesame time in incertain a vantageous manner.

It has been proposed to provide weft sup- -ports of vertically arrangedgroups of der vertical pressure-(as of such a thread group orband) themanipulations incident to shedding and beating up may,and in fact inpractice are made to, bind the weft supports very tightly in the fabric;this is of vital importance where a tight, com act and hence durablefabric is wanted, an where, furthermore, itis desired that the-height of-the pile of the fabric should be precisely uniform, loop for loop,throughout. t also ofcourse makes it possible to make a fabric withan-exceedingly low ile. The

anchorage for the supports, afor ed by the heam'o, is o f coursenormally fixed or unyiolding. so that a constant degree ofreuatesupports;

rm FABRICS. l

i920.' serial No. 421,595.

sistance .to the advance of the supports with the fabric as it advancesis present: the extent of the OliiAV grip which the fabric has on the'Specification of Reissued Letters Patent. Resgued Aug, 30, 1921. loriginal No. 1,305,873, dated June 3, 1919, Serial 11o. 270,300, tiledJanuary 9;' 1919. Application for supports being an important factor inthe tightness and compactness of the weave it follows that uniformity inthe tightness and compactness throughout the length of the finishedfabric will result if the said anchorag'e offers constant resistance toadvance of the supports.

In. my method of two-fabric weaving herein set forth the pile mayobviously be formed as low as is wanted or as high as is wanted,depending upon the distance apart in which `the weaving planes exist.

Inthe drawin Figures l andgsQ are diagrammatic views showing theessentials of the improved loom as adapted for delivering two fabrics atonce with uncut pile, Fig. 1 illustratin the sheds appertaining to theground and ig. 2 those appertaining'to the pile;

. i 3 shows in p an.the series of atten- Figs. 4, 5, 6 and 7 show theheddles, warps, filling and the said supports, diagrammatically and on amagnified scale, at four different sta es in the production of two rowsof pile oops, one for each of the two fabrics being produced as in Fig.l;

Fig. 8 is a magnified longitudinal sectional view showing the fabricsbeing woven and the intervening attenuated supports, the ground warpthreads of' each fabric being here distinguished from the pile warp.

threads by dotted lines; and

Fig. 9 is a diagrammatic view illustrating f the invention in connectionwith the Weaving of a single fabric.

Referring, first to Figs. 1 to 8 ofthe drawings: The threads of the warpwhich go into the ground of each fabric are designated a; those `whichform the pile are designated a. The filling threads are denoted b. Themeans for supporting and advancing the warp and beating up the fillingto the fell of each fabric are shown as well-known instrumentalities,such as take-up `means including the take-u rollers d, let-off meansherein shown as inc uding let-off beams e and f (one of which is for theground warp threads and the other for the pile wa threads), the'lay orhatten g carrying a h andV adapted to move forward after each 'shot "ofin the usual. manner, `lease rods 11, ands aced breast-beams 7';'it'willbe understood t at the beamV f is calculated, in

' any well known way, to deliver the pile warp threads-at the required:rate to produce the height of the pile desired, ,and k designates' aknown forni` of (yielding means to keep 'the' pile warp threa s in astate of tension. here are two sets of heddles, one appertainin .to 'the`u per and the other to the lower fa ri`c;the o rmer are desi ated Z ZZr and 'thelatter 'm m' m', those designated Z and m being the oneswhich control'the pile warp threadsand the rest the ones which controland extendfforward between the heddlesin-` the,7 ground warp threads.y`The attenuated supports n, here `shown as'inaterial', that is' not onlflexible but impressionable (12.16., adapte ,toy yield tothe `pressureyof intersect1ng` threads), as ,stoutn linen thread, are Woundv on abeam Io at the back ofthe loom a plane between the pl;anes=,.ofweavingfthe two `fabrics, terminating, preferably, suit-,i abl forwardofthe fells p of thelfabrics. .I

fin that the forward-end portions `of the,

Supports n-wear away, wherefore at times the-beam o may be turnedsufficiently to permit their advance upon cutting awaythe worn portion.There'- are two shuttles gfor vat the filling, as is. usually thecasewhere two fabricstare woven` face to face, adapted to be shot across thewarp together oneabove and the;` other below the series of supports n,`from and to their boxes (not shown).V Suitable means to keepthesupportsfn Afrom sag lng may be provlded, as the heddler, whic in thepresent case has no movement having to do with shed-formingi i Theweaving of each fabric inso far as the ground is concerned may proceedin any` selected way: for example, inFi 4 to 8 itis assumed thatyheddles Z Z (or m m) reciprocate reversely to form a succession of(saythree)` ground sheds A,` Fig. 7, each to receive asho't of fillingb, which is beaten up by the reed h inthe regular'way heddle Z (m) forthe pile threads of either `warp is assumed to rise and fall with onelof these two reversely reciprocating shafts. AThen the heddle Z- (m) forthe pile threads a is shifted `so that the `latter decussate thesupports n and form therewith a pile shed B (i. e., independently ofthel companion threads a in the warp affected, and-'so that thefabricsmay issue unconnected witheach other-independently also` of all thethreads of the opposite War all such threads being at this time retractesee Fig. 4 orv 5), whereupon shots of filling b are passed across theseries of'supports` at opposite sides thereof, one through the shed and,upon the return of 'heddle Z (/mf) beaten up by the reed. `As theweavingv proceeds the pile loops C which areformed around and supportedby the illlng 71,111 turn supported `havingV occurred and been bysupports n (whichpreferably project forward of the 'fell'p of thecloth),advance ,l

beyond said supports and become no longer supportedltherehy; butby thistime the pile' threads forming themv have becomesufii`` ciently wellbound in to prevent disturbance of their `pileloops C.` Infweaving `twofabrics face to face at the same time itis an advantage', especially 'ifthe` product ris to have an uncut ile to weave themso that the pile ofonewil be unconnected with that of 'the other. This may be accomplished(excepting fabrics will bey bound to ther fora reason to be explained)if, as s own in Figs. 1 to 8, the decussatings -ofthe pile threads a'ofthe two warps are made to occur in altera` nation (not both at thesame time, forthen obviously the-shots oil-filling `b bj whichthen ensuewould interlock v the two rows vof pile,

one for each afabric, formed) and at the time f decussatingthe pilethreads 0,. of the' fwarp of either fabric with respect to the supportsn 4all the threads, both ground ouglht to a position at ofthe adjoining.and pile, of the warpof the other fabric are by their heddles relative]outside of `:the

shot of lling, e., alla ove or all below the same, as the casemay (sinceotherwiseA they would `form a shed through which the shot of "fillinguthat is to ensue for, the sup port'of the row of pile loops beingformed would pass, with the consequence that said row of pile loopswould become bound in the ground of said Vother fabric). Figs. 4 to 7show four stages. in weaving two fabrics face to face `according to myinvention andy so that they will issue with uncut pile `andclear of eachother (Figs. l and 2). Thus,

in Fig. 4 the pile shed B for the upper fabric at the very edges, wherethe' i is formed, and all of the threads ofthe warp of the lower fabricare shifted to v.a position r relatively outsideof the path of theshotof filling b whichV isto enter said shed B to form a row of pile loopsfor the upper fab-v ric. InFig. 5 theV shots" of filling b.y in

Fig. 4 having occurred 4and been beaten-` up,

`the pile shed B for the `lower .fabric 1s formed, and all of thethreads of thewarp of the upper fabric areshifted to a ositionrelatively out-side of the path of t e shot- `of lilling b which istoenter said shed `B to form arow of pile loops for the lowerfabric.

In Fig. 6 the shots of fllin b b in Fig. 5 y aten UP,` the warpsof eachfabric are broughtto the p0- sitions necessary for formin the groundshed A therein, though the plle threads a' Vdo not appear (especiallyin-this mere diagrammatic illustration) in the same plane asthe'respective ground threads a for the r obvious reason that said pilethreads have 'notas yet commenced to befwoven in to the ground of thefabric. 4Se`e,yhowever, Fig. 7,

`where the Y,pile threads a' arellOW iLSSilmd iis to be in rocess ofbeing woven into the ground. n beating up the first filling that goesinto the ground after forming a row of pile loops there is actually nosuch space as appears in the diagrammatic views 4 to 7 between suchfilling and the one next preceding it in the ground, but the fabric isclosed more or less as it appears in Fig. 8. Although from one edge tothe other the pile of the two fabrics will issue unconnected with eachother asshown in Figs.` 1 and 2 it will be apparent that they will bebound together at their very edges because, while the alternatearrangement of their rows of pile loops and the bringing of the warp ofone fabric to a position relatively outslde of the path of' the adjoinishot of filling at the time of decussating t e pile threads of the warpof the other fabric with respect to the supports n avoid the fillinginterlocking the two fabrics together across the same, nevertheless eachshot of filling alternately passes out of a pile row of one fabric andinto a pile row of the other; this slight connection, essentially formedby filling and only at the edges, may however obviously be severed inany way, as by a knife (not shown) entered into the folds in effectproduced at the edges.

It will be obvious in view of the foregoing that a single fabric may bewoven with uncut pile according to my invention, as in Fig. 9. Here theessential elements of the loom are assumed to beall the same as thosefor weaving either of the two fabrics shown in the first seven figures,the only difference being that the supports n lie in contact with theground of the fabric and that since there f is no occasion to provideagainst pile loops of another fabric eing interwoven with the ground thewarpsa. a can, if desired, form sheds A for the ground uninterruptedly;also that provision is made for the filling which passes through therows of pile loops (if two filling threads be employed, as herein shown)not being shot across exceptingwhen the pile-forming sheds are formed.

having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new and desireto secure by Letters Patent is 1. A pile weaving loom including, incombination, instrumentalities to support and advance the warplongitudinally in a given plane, a set of impressionable filamentousweft-supporting bodies having free ends projecting in the direction ofadvance of said warp, every such body in the set being arranged inapproximately the same plane substantially parallel with the firstplane, means to form a succession of sheds in the warp and also formother sheds of some of the Warp and said bodies, and means to passfilling through the first-named sheds at the side of said bodiescorresponding to thefirst plane and also through said other sheds at theopposite side of said bodies, said bodies being held against forwardmovement.

2. A pile weaving loom including, in combination, instrumentalities tosupport and advance the warp longitudinally in a given plane, a set ofimpressionable filamentous weft-supporting bodies having free endsprojecting in the direction of advance of said warp, every such body inthe set being arranged in approximately the same plane substantiallyparallel with the first plane, means to form a succession of sheds 1nthe warp and also form other sheds of some ofthe warp and said bodies,means to pass filling through the first-named sheds at the side of saidbodies corresponding to the first plane and also through said othersheds at the opposite side of said bodies, and means non-yieldinglyholding said bodies against orward movement.

3. In pile, weaving, the hereindescribed method of weavin tw'o fabricsace'to face at once which conslsts in advancing two substantiallyparallel warps longitudinally and in substantially the same directionand with reference to attenuated filling supports a'rranged between saidwarps and having free ends projecting in substantially said direction,formin a succession of ground sheds of the threa s of each warp and fromtime to time also forming independently of some of the threads of eachwarp and also of the Aao threads of the opposite warp a shed of other fthreads of the first warp and said su ports,

GEORG KOCH.

